Appropriate
mechanization is very critical for reducing drudgery and for meeting the
shortage of labour. The main objective of custom hiring centers is to supply of
farm implements to small and marginal farmers at nominal rates on hire. This
enables the small and marginal farmers to take up farm operations on time. Small equipment like weeders, markers,
sprayers, drum seeder etc should be available in custom hiring centers.
Study is conducted in
three districts viz Medak, Mahabubnagar and Ranga reddy. Following are the
outcomes of the study in Budda samudram village of Mahabubnagar district:
Total
farmers: 425
Area
in Acres: 1000 Acres
Bore
wells: 180
|
S.No
|
Crop
|
Khariff Area in Acres
|
Rabi Area in Acres
|
|
1
|
Cotton
|
600
|
|
|
2
|
Paddy
|
350
|
400
|
|
3
|
Chillies
|
50
|
|
|
4
|
Fodder
|
50
|
|
|
5
|
Vegetables
|
50
|
|
Equipment required for rain fed crops:
|
S.No
|
Operations
|
Equipment required
|
|
1
|
Sowings
|
Manual
|
|
2
|
Ploughing
|
Tractor
|
|
3
|
Land preparation
|
Ploguh
bullocks/Tractor
|
|
4
|
Weeding
|
Ploguh
bullocks/Manual labour
|
|
5
|
Fertiliser /organic
manure application
|
Seed drill/Plough
bullocks
|
|
6
|
Botanical
extracts/Pesticide application
|
Power sprayer
/Tractor mounted sprayer
|
|
7
|
Picking
|
Labour
|
|
8
|
Drying
|
Trapalin
|
|
9
|
Transportation
|
Tractor
|
Paddy:
|
S.No
|
Operations
|
Equipment
|
|
1
|
Ploughings
|
Tractor
|
|
2
|
Transplantation
|
Manual/Drum seeder
|
|
3
|
Weeding
|
Weeder/Manual
|
|
4
|
Botanical
extracts/pesticides
|
Power sprayer
|
|
5
|
Harvesting
|
Harvester/Manual
|
|
6
|
Threshing
|
Tractor/Plough
bullocks
|
|
7
|
Transportation
|
Tractor
|
Economics:
Tractor:
|
Investment
required
|
||
|
S.No
|
Component
|
Amount
|
|
1
|
Engine
|
500000
|
|
2
|
Trailer
|
100000
|
|
3
|
Discs
|
50000
|
|
4
|
Cultivator
|
20000
|
|
5
|
Cage wheels
|
20000
|
|
6
|
Gorru
|
7000
|
|
7
|
Rotavetor
|
100000
|
|
8
|
12 Discs set
|
30000
|
|
9
|
Sprayer
|
15000
|
|
10
|
Total cost
|
8,42,000
|
Expected income from 1000 Acres (Scope):
|
S.No
|
Expected income
for 1000 Acres
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Operation
|
Rent per Acre
|
Area in Acres
|
Expected income
|
|
2
|
Ploughing
|
500
|
1500
|
750000
|
|
3
|
Gorru
|
750
|
600
|
450000
|
|
4
|
Puddling
|
400
|
650
|
260000
|
|
5
|
Spraying (three
times)
|
200
|
400
|
240000
|
|
6
|
Rotavetor
|
200
|
600
|
120000
|
|
7
|
Manure/Tank silt
application (Trips)
|
250
|
2000 trips
|
500000
|
|
8
|
Transportation
|
1400
|
100 trips
|
140000
|
|
9
|
Total income
expected
|
|
|
2460000
|
Costs and returns:
Four tractors are
working in the village. As these four tractors are not able to meet the demand
on time one more tractor is proposed by SHG members and farmers. Costs and
returns for four and five tractors are as follows
|
Costs and Returns
|
|||
|
S.No
|
|
Four tractors
|
Five Tractors
|
|
1
|
Installments
|
5,60,000
|
7,00000
|
|
2
|
Driver salary
|
2,16,000
|
270000
|
|
4
|
Disel
|
8,80,000
|
8,80,000
|
|
5
|
Maintainance
|
40,000
|
50,000
|
|
6
|
Total cost
|
16,96,000
|
19,00000
|
|
7
|
Net income
|
7,64,000
|
5,60,000
|
|
8
|
Net income for
each tractor
|
1,91,000
|
59,333
|
Power tiller:
Power tiller is useful
for following operations:
A. Ploughing
B. Puddling
C. Transportation
(30 bags)
It is useful for in
case low-lying lands and for small holdings. Business is available for one
power tiller in spite of availability of tractors.
|
Engine - 12 HP
|
95,000
|
|
MB plough, tiller
etc
|
25,000
|
|
Trailer
|
15,000
|
|
Total cost
|
1,35,000
|
Expected income for a power tiller:
|
S.No
|
Operation
|
Rent per acre
|
Area in Acres
|
Expected income
|
|
1
|
Ploughing
|
300
|
150
|
45,000
|
|
2
|
Puddling
|
300
|
250
|
75,000
|
|
3
|
Transportation
|
500
|
50
|
25,000
|
|
4
|
Total income
|
|
|
1,45,000
|
Costs and Returns:
|
S.No
|
Componet
|
Amount
|
|
1
|
Installments
|
12,000
|
|
2
|
Disel
|
58,000
|
|
3
|
Maintainance
|
3,000
|
|
4
|
Total cost
|
73,000
|
|
5
|
Net income
|
72,000
|
Combine harvester:
|
Chain type
|
17,00,000
|
|
Tyre type
|
20,00,000
|
Expected income:
|
Area in Acres
|
Rent
|
Expected income
|
|
400
|
1700
|
680000
|
Costs and Returns:
|
S.No
|
Component
|
Four tractors
|
|
1
|
Installments
|
80,000
|
|
2
|
Driver salary
|
60,000
|
|
3
|
Disel
|
1,20,000
|
|
4
|
Maintainance
|
10,000
|
|
5
|
Total cost
|
2,70,000
|
|
6
|
Net income
|
4,10,000
|
Taiwan sprayers:
Cost: Rs.17,000/-
Expected income:
|
Area in Acres
|
No of sprayings
|
Rent
|
Expected income
|
|
600
|
3
|
50
|
90,000
|
Costs and Returns:
There eight sprayers
available in the village. SHG members suggested five more sprayers will meet
the demand:
|
Cost of sprayer
|
17,000
|
|
|
Petrol
|
45,000
|
(1lt for four
acres
|
|
Maintenance
|
1500
|
Engine oil etc
|
|
Total cost
|
63,500
|
|
|
Net income in
first year
|
26,500
|
|
|
Net income from
second year
|
43,500
|
|
|
Net income from
existing sprayers
|
5,437
|
|
|
Net income from
13 sprayers
|
3,346
|
|
|
Tarpaulins:
|
||
|
|
Nos
|
Expected income
|
|
Tarpaulins
|
100
|
1500
|
Equipment for custom hiring center in the village:
|
S.No
|
Equipment
|
Nos required
|
Approximate cost in Rs.
|
|
1
|
Tractor with all attachments
|
One
|
8,42,000
|
|
2
|
Power tiller
|
One
|
1,35,000
|
|
3
|
Power sprayers
|
Five
|
85,000
|
|
4
|
Tarpaulins
|
100
|
10,000
|
|
5
|
Markers
|
3
|
1,800
|
|
6
|
Weeders
|
10
|
6,500
|
|
|
Total cost
|
|
10,80,300
|
